INOSINE: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews

Overview

Inosine is a chemical that is found in RNA, which is present in all living cells. It can be made in a laboratory and is also used as medicine.

When people take inosine by mouth it is changed in the body to make a chemical called uric acid. Uric acid acts like an antioxidant and might protect cells in the brain.

People sometimes use inosine for Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), athletic performance, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

Uses & Effectiveness

We currently have no information for INOSINE overview.

Side Effects

When taken by mouth: Inosine is possibly safe. Taking inosine can cause high levels of a chemical called uric acid in the blood and urine. This might cause kidney or bladder stones in some people.

Special Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if inosine is safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Gout: Taking inosine might increase levels of uric acid. This might make gout worse in some people.

Interactions

Moderate Interaction

Be cautious with this combination

Medications for gout (Antigout Drugs) interacts with INOSINE
Inosine increases levels of uric acid. High levels of uric acid might make gout worse. Taking inosine along with antigout drugs might reduce the effects of these drugs.

Dosing

Inosine has most often been used by adults at a dose of 1-3 grams by mouth daily for up to 2 years. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition.

View References

REFERENCES:

Juergens, U. R. [Reducing the need for cortisone. Does eucalyptus oil work in asthma? (interview by Brigitte Moreano]. MMW.Fortschr Med 3-29-2001;143(13):14. View abstract.

Juergens, U. R., Stober, M., and Vetter, H. Inhibition of cytokine production and arachidonic acid metabolism by eucalyptol (1.8-cineole) in human blood monocytes in vitro. Eur J Med Res 11-17-1998;3(11):508-510. View abstract.

Juergens, U. R., Stober, M., Schmidt-Schilling, L., Kleuver, T., and Vetter, H. Antiinflammatory effects of euclyptol (1.8-cineole) in bronchial asthma: inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood monocytes ex vivo. Eur J Med Res 9-17-1998;3(9):407-412. View abstract.

Kelloway, J. S., Wyatt, N. N., Adlis, S., and Schoenwetter, W. F. Does using a mouthwash instead of water improve the oropharyngeal removal of inhaled flovent (fluticasone propionate)? Allergy Asthma Proc 2001;22(6):367-371. View abstract.

Kim, M. J., Nam, E. S., and Paik, S. I. [The effects of aromatherapy on pain, depression, and life satisfaction of arthritis patients]. Taehan Kanho.Hakhoe.Chi 2005;35(1):186-194. View abstract.

Kumar A, Sharma VD, Sing AK, and et al. Antibacterial properties of different Eucalyptus oils. Fitoterapia 1988;59(2):141-144.

Lamster IB. The effect of Listerine antiseptic on reduction of existing plaque and gingivitis. Clin Prev Dent 1983;5:12-16.

Maruniak, J., Clark, W. B., Walker, C. B., Magnusson, I., Marks, R. G., Taylor, M., and Clouser, B. The effect of 3 mouthrinses on plaque and gingivitis development. J Clin Periodontol. 1992;19(1):19-23. View abstract.

McKenzie, W. T., Forgas, L., Vernino, A. R., Parker, D., and Limestall, J. D. Comparison of a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse and an essential oil mouthrinse on oral health in institutionalized, mentally handicapped adults: one-year results. J Periodontol. 1992;63(3):187-193. View abstract.

Meister, R., Wittig, T., Beuscher, N., and de Mey, C. Efficacy and tolerability of myrtol standardized in long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Study Group Investigators. Arzneimittelforschung. 1999;49(4):351-358. View abstract.

Minah, G. E., DePaola, L. G., Overholser, C. D., Meiller, T. F., Niehaus, C., Lamm, R. A., Ross, N. M., and Dills, S. S. Effects of 6 months use of an antiseptic mouthrinse on supragingival dental plaque microflora. J Clin Periodontol. 1989;16(6):347-352. View abstract.

Morse, D. R. and Wilcko, J. M. Gutta percha-eucapercha: a pilot clinical study. Gen.Dent. 1980;28(3):24-9, 32. View abstract.

Osawa, K., Yasuda, H., Morita, H., Takeya, K., and Itokawa, H. Macrocarpals H, I, and J from the Leaves of Eucalyptus globulus. J Nat Prod 1996;59(9):823-827. View abstract.

Overholser, C. D., Meiller, T. F., DePaola, L. G., Minah, G. E., and Niehaus, C. Comparative effects of 2 chemotherapeutic mouthrinses on the development of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1990;17(8):575-579. View abstract.

Pan, P., Barnett, M. L., Coelho, J., Brogdon, C., and Finnegan, M. B. Determination of the in situ bactericidal activity of an essential oil mouthrinse using a vital stain method. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(4):256-261. View abstract.

Pitts, G., Brogdon, C., Hu, L., Masurat, T., Pianotti, R., and Schumann, P. Mechanism of action of an antiseptic, anti-odor mouthwash. J Dent.Res 1983;62(6):738-742. View abstract.

Benowitz LI, Goldberg DE, Madsen JR, et al. Inosine stimulates extensive axon collateral growth in the rat corticospinal tract after injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:13486-90. View abstract.

Camerini L, Ardais AP, Xavier J, et al. Inosine prevents hyperlocomotion in a ketamine-induced model of mania in rats. Brain Res 2020;1733:146721. View abstract.

Dalbeth N, Allan J, Gamble GD, et al. Effect of body mass index on serum urate and renal uric acid handling responses to an oral inosine load: experimental intervention study in healthy volunteers. Arthritis Res Ther 2020;22(1):259. View abstract.

Dalbeth N, Horne A, Mihov B, et al. Elevated Urate Levels Do Not Alter Bone Turnover Markers: Randomized Controlled Trial of Inosine Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021;73(9):1758-1764. View abstract.

Dalbeth N, Mihov B, Stewart A, et al. Effects of elevated serum urate on cardiometabolic and kidney function markers in a randomised clinical trial of inosine supplementation. Sci Rep 2022;12(1):12887. View abstract.

Gonsette RE, Sindic C, D'hooghe MB, et al. Boosting endogenous neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: The association of inosine and interferon beta in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (ASIIMS) trial. Mult Scler. 2010;16(4):455-62. View abstract.

Kharitonova T, Shvarts YG, Verbovoy AF, Orlova NS, Puzyreva VP, Strokov IA. Efficacy and safety of the combined metabolic medication, containing inosine, nicotinamide, riboflavin and succinic acid, for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy: a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group clinical trial (CYLINDER). BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022;10(3):e002785. View abstract.

Markowitz CE, Spitsin S, Zimmerman V, et al. The treatment of multiple sclerosis with inosine. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(6):619-25. View abstract.

Muñoz García D, Midaglia L, Martinez Vilela J, et al. Associated inosine to interferon: results of a clinical trial in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2015;131(6):405-10. View abstract.

Parkinson Study Group SURE-PD Investigators. Inosine to increase serum and cerebrospinal fluid urate in Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(2):141-50. View abstract.

Parkinson Study Group SURE-PD3 Investigators, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, et al. Effect of Urate-Elevating Inosine on Early Parkinson Disease Progression: The SURE-PD3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2021;326(10):926-939. View abstract.

Starling RD, Trappe TA, Short KR, et al. Effect of inosine supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28:1193-8. View abstract.

Teixeira FC, Gutierres JM, Soares MSP, et al. Inosine protects against impairment of memory induced by experimental model of Alzheimer disease: a nucleoside with multitarget brain actions. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020;237(3):811-823. View abstract.

Toncev G. Therapeutic value of serum uric acid levels increasing in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2006;63(10):879-82. View abstract.

Walk D, Nicholson K, Locatelli E, et al. Randomized trial of inosine for urate elevation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2023;67(5):378-386. View abstract.

Watanabe H, Hattori T, Kume A, et al. Improved Parkinsons disease motor score in a single-arm open-label trial of febuxostat and inosine. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020;99(35):e21576. View abstract.

Williams MH, Kreider RB, Hunter DW, et al. Effect of inosine supplementation on 3-mile treadmill run performance and VO2 peak. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990;22:517-22. View abstract.

Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Cheng J, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Ka T, Hada T. Effect of inosine on the plasma concentration of uridine and purine bases. Metabolism. 2002;51(4):438-42. View abstract.

Zhao H, Zhang W, Lu Y, et al. Inosine enhances the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in advanced solid tumors: A randomized, controlled, Phase 2 study. Cancer Med 2024;13(17):e70143. View abstract.

CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

This copyrighted material is licensed from Therapeutic Research Center, LLC. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
Licensed from Therapeutic Research Center, LLC
Copyright © 1995-2024 by Therapeutic Research Center, LLC. All Rights Reserved.