Introduction to Multiple Myeloma Symptoms

Multiple myeloma is usually diagnosed in people aged 65 to 74. It can be challenging to diagnose early because it doesn't usually cause any symptoms until it's advanced enough to cause organ damage.

Early signs of multiple myeloma may include bone pain, weakness, extreme fatigue, and brain fog. You may also notice severe thirst, loss of appetite, and unexplained fever.

CRAB is an acronym that stands for the signs your doctor looks for in blood and imaging tests: hypercalcemia (high calcium levels), renal (kidney) insufficiency, anemia, and bone pain or lesions.

High calcium levels in the blood, or hypercalcemia, can cause increased thirst, frequent urination, and dehydration. Other symptoms include weakness, bone pain, headaches, and constipation.

Kidney damage may cause symptoms such as confusion, fluid retention, cramps, dry skin, and poor appetite.

Anemia is common in multiple myeloma patients, leading to fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

Low white blood cell count, or leukopenia, increases the risk of infections. Signs of leukopenia include mouth sores, fever, sore throat, and pain when you pee.

Thrombocytopenia, or low platelet count, can lead to easy bruising, bleeding gums, blood in your poop, pee, or vomit, and heavy menstrual periods.

Multiple myeloma weakens bones, increasing the risk of fractures. Symptoms include bone pain, most commonly in your back, hips, or skull, weakness, and bone fractures from minor injuries.