What Is Smoldering Multiple Myeloma?

Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is an early stage of multiple myeloma that doesn't have symptoms yet. It's considered a precancerous condition, meaning it's not cancer now but could turn into cancer later.

The exact cause of SMM isn't fully understood, but certain factors make it more likely. These include being older (typically 50-70 years), being male, or being African-American. Genetic changes and obesity also play a role in raising the risk.

SMM often shows up in routine lab tests. Doctors look for specific signs, such as high levels of M protein or plasma cells, using blood tests, 24-hour urine tests, or bone marrow biopsies. Imaging tools, such as MRIs, can also help check for any bone damage.

A lot of people with SMM don't need treatment right away. If the risk is low, doctors usually recommend regular checkups to monitor it, a process called "watchful waiting." If the risk is higher, treatments such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy might be necessary. New treatments are also being studied in clinical trials to slow or prevent SMM from turning into multiple myeloma.

There's no guaranteed way to prevent SMM, but keeping obesity in check can reduce some risk. Staying on top of regular blood tests and follow-ups with your doctor is key for catching any changes early. Staying informed about ongoing research and clinical trials can also help manage SMM.