Introduction to Major Depression

Major depression, also known as clinical depression, goes beyond regular sadness. It's a persistent feeling of hopelessness that affects your daily life. Symptoms need to be present most of the day, nearly every day, for at least 2 weeks to be diagnosed.

Major depression can show itself in various ways. You might feel constantly tired, worthless, or guilty. You may have trouble concentrating, experience changes in sleep patterns, and lose interest in activities you once enjoyed. Some even have thoughts of death or suicide.

About 8.3% of U.S. adults experience major depression. It's common across all age groups, including children and older adults. Women are nearly twice as likely as men to be diagnosed, possibly due to hormonal changes and additional stressors.

Several factors can trigger major depression. These include losing a loved one, social isolation, major life changes like a job loss, and personal conflicts. Experiences of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse can also be significant triggers.

Diagnosing major depression involves a comprehensive medical evaluation. This includes screening and exploring personal and family psychiatric history. While there are no specific lab tests for depression, doctors may run tests to rule out other conditions.

Treatment often involves medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, and psychotherapy or talk therapy. For treatment-resistant cases, advanced options like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), ketamine, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may be considered.

If you've had major depression before, you're at higher risk for future episodes. Being aware of your triggers and symptoms is crucial. Sticking to your medication regimen and seeking early intervention can make a significant difference in managing this condition.