DME Treatment Guide

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes. It happens when poorly controlled blood sugar damages the small blood vessels in the retina, causing fluid to leak into the macula. This part of the eye is responsible for sharp, straight-ahead vision.

The main cause of DME is long-term high blood sugar. High blood pressure and cholesterol levels can also contribute to the development of DME. 

The most common treatment for DME is medication shots. These injectable drugs block vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein, which is involved in creating new blood vessels. These medications can slow or prevent vision loss.

The main anti-VEGF medicines used for DME include aflibercept (Eylea), bevacizumab (Avastin), and ranibizumab (Lucentis). Angiopoietin-2 Inhibitors Angiopoietin-2 inhibitors, such as faricimab-svoa (Vabysmo), are another treatment option. They help stabilize fragile blood vessels and reduce their sensitivity to VEGF.

Corticosteroids are sometimes used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the retina. They can be given with a shot or implants. However, they carry risks of side effects like cataracts and glaucoma.

NSAID eye drops are used to prevent or ease swelling, especially before or after eye surgery. They offer an alternative for patients who cannot take steroids due to their side effects.

Macular laser surgery involves using lasers to seal leaking blood vessels in the retina. This procedure can help reduce swelling and improve vision. It is often used in combination with other treatments.

In some cases, a combination of treatments, such as anti-VEGF shots and laser surgery, may be used. This approach can be more effective in managing DME.

Keep your regular checkups with an ophthalmologist or retina specialist. Prompt treatment can help manage symptoms and may prevent further vision loss.