Understanding HIV Symptoms

HIV symptoms can be subtle and easily overlooked. About 1 in 7 people with HIV don't know they have it. The only way to confirm an HIV infection is through testing. If you think you've been exposed, seek medical attention immediately. A doctor can prescribe post-exposure prophylaxis, which may prevent infection if taken within a day or two of exposure. Remember, early detection and treatment are crucial for managing HIV effectively.

In the first eight weeks after infection, you may experience flu-like symptoms. These can include fever, muscle aches, fatigue, and night sweats. You might also notice swollen lymph nodes, a rash, or a sore throat. But some people don't have any symptoms at all. During this phase, the virus is multiplying rapidly in your body. If you're experiencing these symptoms and think you might have been exposed to HIV, it's important to get tested.

After the initial phase, HIV enters a chronic stage where you may not experience any symptoms for years. This doesn't mean the virus is inactive. Even without symptoms, HIV continues to attack your immune system, specifically your CD4 cells. Regular HIV testing is crucial. Don't let the absence of symptoms give you a false sense of security. Early detection and treatment can prevent the progression of HIV and protect your health.

If left untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS in around 10 years. Early signs of AIDS may include persistently swollen lymph nodes. As the immune system weakens, you might experience rapid weight loss, fever or night sweats, extreme fatigue, and prolonged diarrhea. Skin rashes, mouth sores, and frequent infections are also common. If you have any of these symptoms, especially if you're at risk for HIV, seek medical attention immediately.

As HIV progresses to AIDS, your weakened immune system becomes vulnerable to opportunistic infections. You might develop a white coating in your mouth called thrush or experience breathing problems. Herpes infections can cause mouth, genital, or anal sores. Shingles, a painful nerve condition, may occur. Memory problems can also develop. These symptoms indicate severe immune system damage and require immediate medical attention.

Early diagnosis and treatment of HIV can make a big difference in your health outcomes. Antiretroviral therapy can stop the destruction of your immune system, keep you healthy, and prevent HIV from progressing to AIDS. With proper treatment, people with HIV can live nearly as long as those without the virus. Regular testing is key, especially if you're more likely to get it.