There are two types of over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers: acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, naproxen, and ibuprofen. Acetaminophen reduces fever and controls pain, such as headaches. NSAIDs reduce fever and relieve pain related to inflammation, such as arthritis.

Talking to your doctor or pharmacist before buying an OTC pain reliever is a good idea. Tell them about all the prescription and OTC medicines you take, including any vitamins or herbal supplements. You should also let them know if you have any allergies. Your doctor or pharmacist can make a recommendation based on this information, plus your family medical history.

When you buy OTC pain relievers, check the packaging carefully to make sure it’s not open or damaged. Never take medicine from a package that is open or has been tampered with in any way.

Do not take medicines that are past their sell-by date. And do not buy medicines that will expire soon. There is no guarantee that expired medicines are safe or effective. Once medicines have expired, throw them out safely.

It’s dangerous to take double doses of any medicine, including OTC pain relievers. You also should never take medicines with the same active ingredient, such as ibuprofen. It can cause serious side effects or a possible fatal overdose. Too much acetaminophen can cause liver damage. High doses of NSAIDs can cause kidney problems, fluid retention, and high blood pressure. 

Store all medicines, even OTC pain relievers, in a cool, dry location away from direct sunlight. Don’t keep them in your bathroom’s medicine cabinet. The humidity and moisture from the tub or shower might damage your medicine. Make sure to keep all medicines in their original containers, preferably locked away, where kids and pets can’t see or reach them.

Many people are more familiar with brand-name medicines. But generic versions work just as well and cost less.

Talk to your doctor before taking OTC pain relievers. Your doctor might recommend you avoid them during the first 12 to 13 weeks of pregnancy. There is also a risk of them getting into your breast milk. So if you’re breastfeeding, you might pass them on to your baby.

Acetaminophen can be taken short-term during pregnancy. But it’s best to avoid NSAIDs during the third trimester and aspirin during the entire pregnancy.

People with liver disease should not take acetaminophen because it can cause even more damage to the liver. People who drink alcohol regularly should also avoid taking acetaminophen for the same reason. NSAIDs are not suitable for people with advanced kidney disease, stomach ulcers, and severe heart failure.

If you’re taking OTC pain relievers every day for more than 2 weeks, it’s time to talk to your doctor. You may need stronger medicine or physical therapy to relieve pain.