Understanding Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous tumors that grow in or on the uterus. They usually appear when you're of childbearing age – generally between 30 and 40 years old – but they can show up at any age. Many people don't have symptoms or have only mild symptoms, but they can be painful for some.

For those who do have symptoms, the most common ones are:
•        Heavy, long, or painful periods
•        Pain in the lower belly or back
•        Painful sex
•        Peeing often
•        Discomfort in the rectum

Estrogen and progesterone are the hormones that make the lining of your uterus thicken every month during your period. They also seem to make fibroids grow. When you start making fewer hormones during menopause, fibroids usually shrink.

Ultrasound and MRI are common imaging techniques used to diagnose fibroids. These methods help your doctor judge the size and location of the growths accurately.

Medications for fibroids treat your symptoms. Fibroids won't go away, but they might shrink with some medications. They can also help with symptoms like pain and bleeding. 

For moderate or severe symptoms, you may need surgery for relief. One type of surgery, called a myomectomy, takes out fibroids while trying to leave healthy tissue alone. A hysterectomy removes your entire uterus and is the only way to cure fibroids. It is major surgery, however.

Most people with uterine fibroids don't have trouble getting pregnant, but some fibroids can cause infertility or pregnancy loss. If you get pregnant, the condition also raises the odds that your baby may be born too early or have health problems.

Uterine fibroids can't be prevented, but research suggests a healthy diet and regular exercise can lower your chances of having them. One study found that eating fresh fruits and cruciferous vegetables like arugula, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and collard greens could lower your odds.