Vision problems are a common symptom of multiple sclerosis. The condition affects the outer coating of nerves called the myelin sheath and disrupts the nerve's ability to carry signals. Since the optic nerve is also susceptible to MS-related issues, that can affect your vision.
Types of Vision Problems
MS-related vision problems can show up in different ways.
Optic neuritis. If the optic nerve gets inflamed, you might experience aching pain when you move your eye, blurred vision, dim vision, or loss of color vision. You could have a blurry or dim spot in the center of your field of vision. You may lose vision entirely in one or both eyes, though optic neuritis usually only affects one eye at a time. Your vision will usually return to normal after the inflammation gets better, though you may have lingering effects.
Optic neuritis can flare up if you overwork your eyes or if you get overheated. Rest and cooling can help symptoms decrease. There are also medications that can reduce inflammation, such as intravenous methylprednisolone or prednisone pills.
Nystagmus. Nystagmus involves involuntary movements of the eye. Your eye may move up and down, side to side, or roll in a circular pattern. This movement is uncontrollable and results in difficulty focusing. The world around you may seem to be moving. You may only have nystagmus intermittently, or it may be persistent.
You may be able to reduce the impact of nystagmus by holding your head in a particular position. Doctors can also prescribe a medicine called gabapentin to reduce symptoms.
Diplopia. Diplopia is another term for double vision. If your optic nerves are damaged, your eyes may not work together the way they are supposed to. Instead of seeing out of both eyes at the same time, your brain will get separate signals from each eye. That will cause you to see everything twice. The symptoms may be intermittent, or they can last for a longer period of time.
Your doctor may be able to improve your symptoms with corticosteroids. You may also find that covering one eye with a patch makes it easier to see during episodes of diplopia. Special glasses may help improve symptoms.
Dealing With Vision Problems
If you have vision problems due to multiple sclerosis, you can use adaptive technology to help with some everyday tasks. Screen readers and voice-command devices can be very helpful for communication and reading. Public transit systems are equipped to accommodate people with vision issues if you find you can no longer drive.
If you need resources to help with other activities, your doctor can help you find local organizations that assist people with low visions or blindness.
