Many people with multiple sclerosis find that the condition affects their cognitive functioning. Cognition is the high-level functions of your brain, such as memory, problem-solving, and the ability to learn new things. More than half of people with MS have trouble with one or more of their cognitive functions.
You may have noticed cognitive changes from MS, including areas like:
- Processing sensory input
- Memory
- Attention and concentration
- Executive functions such as planning and prioritizing tasks
- Visual perception and spatial relations
- Verbal fluency
These changes can be challenging and upsetting. They can affect your work and relationships. You may worry that you will lose your independence if the changes progress.
New research shows that people with MS can treat cognitive changes with a type of therapy called cognitive rehabilitation. These techniques have been used successfully in people overcoming head injuries, and scientists have recently found that the same treatments help people with MS.
Cognitive rehabilitation for MS includes testing to determine what functions are most affected by the condition. Once you and your doctor can pinpoint the problems, you can start to address them. You may undergo therapy designed to restore certain functions. Your therapist may also give you compensatory tactics to make up for reduced skills.
Restoring Cognitive Skills
Restorative therapy is intended to improve memory and learning skills. Your therapist will have you do memory exercises and suggest learning tactics including:
- Repeat and verify: Practice focusing on new information and repeating it for verification that you got it right.
- Spaced rehearsal: Repeat new information at different intervals to improve working memory.
- Build associations: Learn how to use memory aids to recall things like names.
- Combine modes of learning: Improve memory by using multiple methods to take it in, such as listening, writing, and saying things aloud.
Compensating for Cognitive Changes
Compensatory tactics are tools that you can use instead of relying on your memory and planning skills. Paper and electronic calendars, for instance, are useful for organizing your time. Many phones and computers have organizational apps that help you manage projects, track schedules, and take notes. You can set reminders to prompt you to do things on schedule.
You may also benefit from organizing your physical spaces so that you always know where to find important items. Keeping your home or office free from distractions will allow you to concentrate more easily. Taking frequent breaks to rest will prevent fatigue from getting in the way of work or activities that need attention and focus.
If you think cognitive rehabilitation might help you, speak with your doctor.
